python functions

 # Python Functions Examples

# ── Defining functions with def ───────────────────────────────────────────────

def greet():

print("Hello, World!")

greet() # Hello, World!

# ── Parameters and arguments ──────────────────────────────────────────────────

def greet_user(name): # 'name' is a parameter

print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet_user("Alice") # Hello, Alice! (positional argument)

greet_user(name="Bob") # Hello, Bob! (keyword argument)

def add(a, b):

print(a + b)

add(3, 5) # 8

add(10, 20) # 30

# ── Return values ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def square(n):

return n * n

result = square(4)

print(result) # 16

print(square(7)) # 49

def min_max(numbers): # return multiple values as a tuple

return min(numbers), max(numbers)

low, high = min_max([3, 1, 8, 2, 5])

print(low) # 1

print(high) # 8

# ── Default parameters ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def greet_with_title(name, title="Mr."): # title has a default value

print(f"Hello, {title} {name}!")

greet_with_title("Smith") # Hello, Mr. Smith! (uses default)

greet_with_title("Johnson", "Dr.") # Hello, Dr. Johnson! (overrides default)

def power(base, exponent=2): # default exponent is 2 (square)

return base ** exponent

print(power(3)) # 9 (3^2, uses default)

print(power(3, 3)) # 27 (3^3, overrides default)

print(power(2, 8)) # 256 (2^8)